isometric peak knee extensor torque) 48-h following the last back squat session in a control group. self-reported analog scale) as well as a decrease in strength/performance (i.e. We have previously utilized a heavy, voluminous, three consecutive day barbell back squat protocol and demonstrated significant increases in serum markers of muscle damage (i.e. ĭespite the aforementioned studies suggesting that EPC can potentially modulate post-exercise inflammation and/or skeletal muscle signaling events, little mechanistic research has examined how utilizing EPC as an adjuvant to heavy resistance exercise affects functional recovery and the intramuscular signaling phenomena. Moreover, we have previously reported that seven consecutive days of moderate-pressure EPC increases the mRNA expression of genes related to skeletal muscle hypertrophy (i.e., MHY2, IGFBP5, MYOM1) and oxidative stress resilience (i.e., CAT, SUOX). We have reported that a 1 h treatment of EPC increases intramuscular phosphorylated ribosomal protein s6 levels by 31% at 1 h post-treatment, while also increasing interleukin-10 (IL-10) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) mRNA 1 h post-treatment. We have also published a series of studies examining how moderate pressure EPC affects transcriptomic and signaling responses in skeletal muscle after one acute treatment and after seven consecutive days of treatment in healthy persons. Interestingly, investigators have reported that a single 15 min EPC treatment acutely improves flexibility and increases the pressure-to-pain threshold (PPT) in the lower limbs following resistance training. While it has been posited that EPC can exert localized vasoactive effects and improve post-exercise lactate clearance, EPC devices are also putatively analogous to a lower-limb massage which has been shown to decrease exercise-induced inflammatory signaling. Ĭommercial external pneumatic compression (EPC) devices differ from static compression in that they utilize whole-leg sleeves that operate by inflating and deflating a series of zones using modest inflation pressures (~20–100 mm Hg). However, other investigations have refuted the use of static compression garments on improving sports performance, post-exercise lactate, and/or post-exercise markers of muscle damage and/or recovery. Likewise, compression garments have been shown to lower post-eccentric exercise CK levels, preserve range of motion in the elbow flexors, reduce perceived soreness and swelling, and promote force production recovery. ![]() For instance, lower-limb compression garments have been shown to reduce serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, 1.5 and 3.5 days following rugby participation compared to a passive recovery method. Lower limb compression has been utilized in order to enhance skeletal muscle adaptations and/or recovery from high-intensity exercise (i.e. ![]() Moreover, none of the authors have conflicts of interest and/or competing interests to disclose. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The funders did have a role in study design, but had no role in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funders did have a role in study design, but had no role in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: Partial reagent and participant compensation costs (50%) were paid through a contract awarded to J.S.M. Additional funds in support of this work were provided by the author's institution (Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus). įunding: Partial reagent and participant compensation costs (50%) were paid through a contract awarded to J.S.M. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data has been deposited in Zenodo with DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.254452 URL. ![]() Received: OctoAccepted: JPublished: June 29, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Haun et al. PLoS ONE 12(6):Įditor: Gordon Fisher, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UNITED STATES (2017) Does external pneumatic compression treatment between bouts of overreaching resistance training sessions exert differential effects on molecular signaling and performance-related variables compared to passive recovery? An exploratory study. Citation: Haun CT, Roberts MD, Romero MA, Osburn SC, Mobley CB, Anderson RG, et al.
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